Concepts & Explainers
Educational guides on carbon accounting concepts that underpin the Climate Cost Index.
How grid carbon intensity affects product emissions
Grid carbon intensity — measured in gCO₂e per kWh — determines how much carbon a factory emits for each unit of electricity consumed.
How the Climate Cost Index (CCI) is calculated
The CCI assigns a conservative kgCO₂e score to every product category using peer-reviewed lifecycle data, supplier reports, and industry benchmarks.
What is an EPD (Environmental Product Declaration)?
An EPD is a standardized, third-party verified document that reports the environmental impact of a product across its full lifecycle.
What is embodied carbon?
Embodied carbon is the total greenhouse gas emissions from manufacturing a product — from raw material extraction through factory gate.
What is Scope 3?
Scope 3 emissions are indirect emissions from a company's value chain — the largest and hardest-to-measure category of corporate carbon.