EV Battery Pack (75 kWh)

Material Composition Assumptions

A typical 75 kWh electric vehicle battery pack contains approximately 500 kilograms of materials. The composition includes lithium carbonate or hydroxide serving as precursors for anode active materials, representing roughly 8% of total weight. Nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide forms the primary cathode active material at approximately 180 kg or 36% of the pack weight. Graphite anodes contribute another 15% by mass, while lithium iron phosphate may substitute as an alternative cathode chemistry in some configurations.

The electrolyte system consists of lithium salts dissolved in organic solvents, accounting for about 10% of total weight. Polymer separator membranes comprise roughly 5% of the pack mass. Structural components include aluminum housing and terminals at approximately 20% of total weight, with copper and aluminum current collectors making up the remaining 6% of materials.

Manufacturing Geography

This assessment assumes manufacturing in China, which produces over 75% of global lithium-ion battery capacity. Chinese battery facilities typically operate on a national grid with an average carbon intensity of 555 kgCO2e/MWh according to International Energy Agency data. The concentration of battery manufacturing in China reflects established supply chains for raw material processing, cell production equipment, and integrated automotive manufacturing ecosystems.

Manufacturing in coal-dependent regions significantly elevates the carbon footprint of battery production, particularly during energy-intensive processes like electrode coating, cell formation, and module assembly. The high grid carbon intensity directly impacts Scope 2 emissions from facility electricity consumption.

Regional Variation

Manufacturing Region	Grid Intensity	Estimated CCI Score	Adjustment vs Default
China (default)	555 kgCO2e/MWh	62	-
European Union	270 kgCO2e/MWh	48	-23%
United States	386 kgCO2e/MWh	54	-13%
South Korea	436 kgCO2e/MWh	58	-6%
Nordic Region	98 kgCO2e/MWh	39	-37%

Provenance Override Guidance

Suppliers can submit the following data types to override the default CCI score:

1. Facility-specific electricity consumption data with renewable energy certificates or power purchase agreements demonstrating clean energy sourcing
2. Material supplier certifications documenting low-carbon mining and refining processes for lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese
3. Transportation logistics data showing shipping distances and modal choices from raw material sources through final assembly
4. Battery chemistry specifications with detailed cathode and anode material compositions and their respective carbon intensities
5. Recycled content documentation quantifying the percentage of recovered materials used in new battery cell production

Methodology Notes

• The CCI score represents cradle-to-gate emissions for a complete 75 kWh battery pack ready for vehicle integration
• Scope 3 emissions dominate at 74% due to upstream mining, refining, and material production processes
• Scope 2 emissions account for 18% reflecting electricity consumption during manufacturing and assembly
• The functional unit covers one complete battery pack capable of 75 kWh energy storage
• Vehicle integration, use phase, and end-of-life recycling are excluded from this assessment
• Regional grid carbon intensity variations can alter total emissions by 30-40% depending on manufacturing location
• Battery chemistry selection significantly influences the carbon footprint, with sodium-ion and lithium iron phosphate options showing lower emissions than nickel-rich formulations
• Data gaps remain in supplier-specific mining practices and emerging recycling technologies that could reduce future emissions