Foundation (30ml glass bottle)

Material Composition Assumptions

The foundation bottle consists primarily of soda-lime silicate glass forming the main container structure, representing approximately 55 grams or 85% of total product weight. Mineral-based colorants may be incorporated during the melting process to achieve desired aesthetic properties, typically accounting for less than 1% by weight. The closure system utilizes either aluminum or plastic cap hardware weighing roughly 3 grams or 5% of the assembly. Secondary packaging includes a paperboard box weighing approximately 7 grams, representing the remaining 10% of total material content for protective and marketing purposes.

Manufacturing Geography

Glass bottle production concentrates heavily in China due to abundant silica sand resources, established manufacturing infrastructure, and proximity to major cosmetic brand supply chains. The region’s coal-dependent electricity grid operates at 555 gCO2/kWh, contributing substantially to the carbon intensity of energy-intensive glass melting operations. Chinese facilities benefit from economies of scale and integrated supply chains spanning raw material extraction through finished packaging assembly. Transportation distances to global cosmetic manufacturing hubs remain relatively short, partially offsetting the high grid intensity through reduced logistics emissions.

Regional Variation

Manufacturing Region	Grid Intensity	Estimated CCI Score	Adjustment vs Default
China	555 gCO2/kWh	52	Baseline
Germany	366 gCO2/kWh	47	-10%
United States	386 gCO2/kWh	48	-8%
India	708 gCO2/kWh	58	+12%
France	57 gCO2/kWh	38	-27%

Provenance Override Guidance

1. Furnace energy consumption data with specific fuel mix breakdown and thermal efficiency measurements for the glass melting facility
2. Cullet content percentage documentation showing recycled glass input ratios and source material verification
3. Transportation manifests detailing shipping distances, vehicle types, and fuel consumption from manufacturing to distribution centers
4. End-of-life infrastructure documentation for target markets including recycling rates and collection system efficiency
5. Raw material extraction data covering silica sand mining location, processing energy, and transportation to manufacturing facility

Methodology Notes

• The CCI score represents cradle-to-grave carbon emissions for a single 30ml glass foundation bottle including secondary packaging and average end-of-life treatment
• Scope 1 emissions primarily capture glass furnace combustion and raw material processing, while Scope 2 reflects electricity consumption during manufacturing operations
• Scope 3 dominates the footprint due to heavy transportation requirements and varied end-of-life infrastructure across global markets
• The functional unit assumes single-use application without container reuse or refilling scenarios
• Consumer use phase emissions are excluded as foundation application does not require energy inputs
• Recycling credit calculations assume regional average collection and processing rates rather than optimal infrastructure scenarios
• Data gaps exist around colorant production impacts and closure hardware manufacturing processes