Glass Wine Bottle (750ml)

Material Composition Assumptions

A standard 750ml glass wine bottle contains approximately 500 grams of soda-lime glass composition. The primary materials include silica sand (approximately 350g, 70%), limestone (75g, 15%), and soda ash (50g, 10%). Manufacturing typically incorporates recycled glass cullet ranging from 10-52% by weight depending on regional recycling infrastructure availability. The remaining 25g consists of minor additives and colorants that provide the bottle’s final appearance and structural properties.

Manufacturing Geography

Glass wine bottle production occurs primarily in China, Europe, and North America due to proximity to major wine producing regions and established glass manufacturing infrastructure. Chinese facilities operate on a grid intensity of 531 gCO2/kWh, significantly higher than European averages of 275 gCO2/kWh. Manufacturing requires sustained furnace temperatures reaching 1700°C, making electricity grid composition a critical factor in total emissions. Regional production reduces transportation distances to wineries while enabling better integration with local glass recycling systems.

Regional Variation

Manufacturing Region	Grid Intensity	Estimated CCI Score	Adjustment vs Default
China	531 gCO2/kWh	51	Baseline
European Union	275 gCO2/kWh	43	-16%
United States	386 gCO2/kWh	47	-8%
India	708 gCO2/kWh	58	+14%
Australia	634 gCO2/kWh	54	+6%

Provenance Override Guidance

1. Documented recycled glass cullet percentage with verified supplier certifications showing actual content above regional averages.

2. Manufacturing facility electricity consumption data with renewable energy certificates or on-site generation documentation.

3. Furnace efficiency metrics and natural gas consumption per unit with third-party energy audit verification.

4. Transportation distance and mode documentation from glass manufacturing facility to bottling location.

5. End-of-life take-back program participation with documented recycling rates and regional collection infrastructure data.

Methodology Notes

• The CCI score represents cradle-to-gate emissions for glass bottle production including raw material extraction, manufacturing energy, and typical transportation to bottling facilities.

• Scope 2 emissions dominate due to high-temperature glass melting processes requiring substantial electricity and natural gas inputs.

• Functional unit covers one standard 750ml wine bottle weighing approximately 500 grams before filling.

• Score excludes wine production, cork manufacturing, label printing, and consumer transportation phases.

• Regional recycling rate variations create significant uncertainty in end-of-life impact calculations across different markets.

• Transportation emissions assume average shipping distances but vary substantially based on winery location and bottle sourcing decisions.